DOORS AND WINDOWS
The main function of a door in a building is to serve as a connecting link between the internal parts and to allow free movement to the outside of the building. Windows are generally provided for the proper ventilation and lighting of a building and their size and number should be properly determined as per the requirements. The requirements for wooden, steel, aluminium, PVC doors and windows are given in thissection.
1. TIMBER
The timber shall be free from decay, fungal growth, boxed heart, pitchpockets or streaks on the exposed edges, splits and cracks. The timber shall be graded as first grade and second grade on the basis ofthe permissible defects in the timber as given in Appendix A (Clause 9.1) of CPWDSpecifications 2009.
1.1 Moisture content
Control on moisture content of timber is necessary to ensure its properutility in various climatic conditions. For specifying the permissible limit ofmoisture content in the timber the country has been divided into fourclimatic zones.Moisture content of timber shall be checked for every 1 m3 or part thereof byelectrical moisture meters as per IS: 287.
Table: Maximum permissible moisture content of timber
Sl.No |
Use |
Zone-I |
Zone-II |
Zone-III |
Zone-IV |
1 |
Beams, Rafters & Posts |
12 |
14 |
17 |
20 |
2 |
Doors and Windows: i) Thickness 50mm and above ii) Thinner than 50 mm |
10 8 |
1 1 |
14 12 |
16 14 |
3 |
Flooring strips |
8 |
1 |
10 |
12 |
4 |
Furniture and cabinet making |
10 |
12 |
14 |
15 |
NOTE: Zones I, II, II and IV represents various regions in India which are
1.3 Quality control tests
Test |
Code |
Moisture content (Laboratory / field) |
IS:287 |
Standard sizes of door frames are covered in IS: 4021 and IS: 4351.Window and ventilator shutters shall conform to IS: 1003 (Part 2).
2. FLUSH DOOR SHUTTERS
Table: Sample size and criteria for conformity
Lot Size |
Field sample |
Test sample for laboratory test |
Permissible number ofDefective |
From 21 to 50 |
8 |
1 |
0 |
51 -100 |
13 |
2 |
1 |
101-150 |
20 |
2 |
1 |
151-300 |
32 |
3 |
1 |
301-500 |
50 |
4 |
2 |
501 and above |
80 |
5 |
2 |
Table: Quality tests for door shutters
Test |
Code |
Minimum Sample size |
Frequency of Testing |
End immersiontest |
IS: 4020 (Part 13) IS: 2202 (Part 1) |
21 shutters |
As per sampling and testing specified in above table
|
Knife test |
IS: 4020 (Part 14) IS: 2202 (Part 1) |
||
Glue adhesiontest |
IS: 4020 (Part 15) IS: 2202 (Part 1) |
3. STEEL DOORS AND WINDOWS
3.1 Materials
Lot size (no. of doors/windows/ ventilators/ fixed- lights in the lot) |
Sample size (no. of doors/windows/ ventilators, fixed- lights, to be selected in the sample) |
Permissible no. of defectives |
Sub sample size |
Permissible no. of defectives in the sub-sample |
Up to 50 |
5 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
51 to 150 |
8 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
151 to 300 |
13 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
301 to 500 |
20 |
2 |
58 |
0 |
501 to 1000 |
32 |
3 |
13 |
1 |
1001 to 3000 |
50 |
5 |
20 |
2 |
4. PRESSED STEEL DOORS AND WINDOWS
5. PRE-COATED GALVANISED STEEL DOORS AND WINDOWS
Table: Requirements of coatings
Sl. No |
Property |
Code |
1 |
Specular gloss |
ASTM D 523 |
2 |
Pencil hardness |
ASTM D 3363 |
3 |
Scratch resistance |
BS 3900 |
4 |
Reverse impact |
BS 3900 |
5 |
Bend test |
BS 3900 |
6 |
Erichsen test |
IS: 10175 |
7 |
Adhesion |
BS 3990 |
8 |
Corrosion resistance: a) Salt spray b) Humidity c) QUV weatherometer |
ASTMB- 117-73 BS 3900 ASTM G-53-84 |
9 |
Fire performance a) Ignitability b) Fire rating |
BS 476 BS 476 |
10 |
Detergent resistance |
ASTM D-2248 |
6. PVC/UPVC DOORS
a) The PVC shutters and solid PVC door frames shall be fabricated at factory asper the Specifications and directions of the Engineer.
b) Shutter shall be made of PVC material conforming to IS: 10151.
6.1 Quality control tests
Quality tests prescribed for door shutters
7. ALUMINIUM DOORS AND WINDOWS
7.1. Fittings for aluminium doors and windows
8. FIBRE GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP) DOORS
FRP doors and shutters shall be manufactured as per specifications laid down in IS:14856, nomenclature of items and direction of the Engineer.
9. SOLID PVC FOAM PROFILE DOORS
Quality Tests for PVC foam profile doors
Sl. No. |
Property |
Test method |
Acceptable value |
1 |
Density (at 27°C) |
ASTM D 792 |
0.5-0.7 gm/cc |
2 |
i) Tensile strength at yield ii) Elongation at break |
ASTM D 638 ASTM D 638 |
2000 psi 20% |
3 |
Tensile modulus (Modulus of elasticity) |
ASTM D 638 |
200 MPa |
4 |
Impact strength (Charpyunnotched) |
ASTM D 256 |
200 MPa |
5 |
Durometer hardness |
DIN 53505 |
70 shore D |
6 |
Vicat softening point (at 10N Load) |
ASTM D 1525 |
75?C |
7 |
Flammability |
UL 94 |
Self-extinguishing. |
10. LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER (LVL)
Laminated veneer lumber door frames and shutters shall conform to IS: 14616.
11. UPVC DOOR FRAME
UPVC door frame shall be made of PVC material conforming to IS: 10151.
12. DOOR/WINDOW FITTINGS
12.1 Butt hinges
These shall be of the following types according to the material used.
12.2 Parliament hinges
These shall be of mild steel cast brass or as specified, and shall generallyconform to IS: 362.
12.3 Spring hinges
These shall be made of MS or brass as specified, and shall generally conform to IS:453.
12.4 Door handles (for Doors and windows)
These should generally conform to IS: 208.
12.5 Floor door stopper
12.6 Door closers
The nominal size of door closers in relation to the weight and the width of thedoor size to which it is intended to be fitted shall be as per table (Ref.IS:3564).
Type and Designation of door closers
Design- ation of closers |
Mass of the door (kg) |
Width of the door (mm) |
Remarks |
1 |
Upto 35 |
Upto 700 |
For light doors such as double leaved and toilet doors. |
2 |
36 to 60 |
701 to 850 |
Interior doors, such as of bed rooms, kitchen and store. |
3 |
61 to 80 |
851 to 1000 |
Main doors in a building, such as entrance doors. |
12.7 Mortice locks
12.7.1 Test for mortice locks
Test for mortice locks are carried out as per IS: 2209. The frequency of tests shall beas given in table. At the time of supply, the Contractor shall producemanufacturer’s certificate as required.
Table :Test for mortice lock
Material |
Code |
Min. quantity of material for carrying out the test |
Frequency of testing |
Frequency of testing |
IS: 2209 |
50 Nos. |
100 or part thereof. |
RELATED CODES:
1.IS:204-Specification for tower bolts:
(Part 1)-Ferrous bolt.
(Part 2)-Non ferrous metals.
2.IS:205-Specification for non ferrous metal butt hinges.
3.IS;206-Specification for Tee and strap hinges.
4.IS:207-Specification for gate and shutter hook and eye.
5.IS:208-Specification for door handles.
6.IS:281-Specification for mild steel door bolts for use with pad locks.
7.IS:287-Recommendations for maximum permissible moisture contents oftimber used for different purpose.
8.IS:303-Specification for plywood for general purposes.
9.IS:362-Specification for parliament hinges.
10.IS:363-Specification for hasps and staple.
11.IS:364-Specification for fan light catch.
12.IS:401-Code of practice for preservation of timber.
13.IS:419-Putty for use on window frames.
14.IS:451-Technical supply condition for wood screws.
15.IS:452-Specification for door spring rat tail type.
16.IS:453-Specification for double acting spring hinge.
17.IS:707-Glossary of terms applicable to timber technology and utilization.
18.IS:710-Specifications for marine plywood.
19.IS:723-Specification for steel counter sunk head wire nails.
20.IS:729-Specification for drawer lock, cupboard lock and box locks.
21.IS:848-Specification for synthetic resin adhesive for plywood (phenoicand amino plastic).
22.IS:851-Specification for synthetic resin adhesive for const. work (nonstructural in wood).
23.IS:852-Specification for animal glue for general wood work purpose.
24.IS:1003-Specification for timber panelled and glazed shutter:
(Part 2)-Window and ventilator shutter.
25.IS:1038-Specification for steel doors, windows and ventilators.
26.IS:1141-Specification for code of practice for seasoning of timber.
27.IS:1200-Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works:
(Part 12)-Wood work and joinery.
(Part 14)-Glazing.
28.IS:1328-Specification for veneered decorative plywood.
29.IS:1341-Specification for steel butt hinges.
30.IS:1378-Specification for oxidized copper finishes.
31.IS:1566-Specification for hard drawn steel wire fabric.
32.IS:1568-Specification for wire cloth for general purposes.
33.IS:1658-Specification for hard drawn steel wire fabric.
34.IS:1659-Specification for block boards.
35.IS:1708-Testing of small clear specimen for timber.
36.IS:1734-Determination of density and moisture content.
37.IS:1823-Specification for floor door stopper.
38.IS:1868-Specification for anodic coating on aluminium and its alloy.
39.IS:2046-Decorative thermosetting synthetic resin bonded laminatedsheet.
40.IS:2095-Specification for gypsum plaster board.
41.IS:2096-Specification for asbestos cement flat sheet.
42.IS:2202-Specification for wooden flush door shutter, solid core type:
(Part 1)-Plywood face panels.
(Part 2)-Particle boards and hard board face panels.
43.IS:2209-Specification for mortice lock: Vertical type
44.IS:2380-Method of test for wood particle board and board forlignocelluloses material.
45.IS:2547-Specification for gypsum plaster.
46.IS:2753-Method for estimation of preservatives in treated timber and intreating solutions.
47.IS:2681-Specification for non-ferrous metal sliding door bolts use withpad locks.
48.IS:3087-Specification for wood particle boards (Medium density) forgeneral purpose.
49.IS:3097-Specification for veneered particle board.
50.IS:3828-Specification for ventilator chain.
51.IS:3400-Method of test for vulcanized rubber:
(Part 2)-Hardness.
(Part 4)-Accelerated aging.
(Part 9)-Density.
52.IS:3564-Specification for door closer (hydraulically regulated).
53.IS:3618-Phosphate treatment of iron and steel for protection againstcorrosion.
54.IS:3813-'C' hooks for use with swivels.
55.IS:3818-Specification for continuous (Piano) hinges.
56.IS:3847-Specification for mortice night latch.
57.IS:4835-Specification for polyvinyl acetate dispersion based adhesive forwood.
58.IS:4948-Specification for welded steel wire fabric for general use.
59.IS:4992-Specification for rebated mortice lock.
60.IS:5187-Specification for flush bolts.
61.IS:5509-Specification for fire retardant plywood.
62.IS:5930-Specification for mortice latch.
63.IS:6318-Specification for plastic wire window fasteners.
64.IS:6607-Specification for rebated mortice lock (Vertical type).
65.IS:6760-Specification for slotted counter sunk head wood screws.
66.IS:7196-Specification for hold fast.
67.IS:7534-Specification for sliding locking bolts for use with pad lock.
68.IS:7638-Wood/lignocellulosic based panel products - method forsampling.
69.IS:8756-Specification for mortice ball catch for use in wooden almirah.
70.IS:9308-Specification for mechanically extracted coir fibres.
(Part 1)-Mattress coir fibres.
(Part 3)-Decorated coir fibres.
71.IS:11215-Moisture content of timber and timber products method ofdetermination.
72.IS:12049-Dimensions and tolerance relating to wood based panelmaterials.
73.IS:12406-Specification for medium density fibre board.
74.IS:12817-Specification for stainless steel butt hinges.
75.IS:12823-Specification for wood products – prelaminated particle boards.
76.IS:14616-Specifications for laminated veneer lumber.
77.IS:14842-Specification for coir veneer board for general purposes.
78.IS:14856-Specification for glass fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) panel typedoor.
79.IS:14900-Specifications for transparent float glass
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