*IS Codes:Electrification*

INDIAN STANDARDS FOR ELECTRIFICATION WORK

ELECTRICAL SAFETY MEASURE

Lightning Protection to be done as per the IS Codes applicable.

Safety parameters as indicated under Indian Electricity Rules 1956 and ECBC shall be complied. The following safety measurement are considered

Earth resistivity test shall be carried out in accordance with IS Code of Practice for earthing IS 304

Specifications in respect of conductor material, their installation & jointing and providing earth electrode shall be as stipulated in “EARTHING” sections of Technical Specifications of this tender document.

The lightning protection system shall use either copper or GI as stipulated in Bill of quantities as conducting material throughout. Galvanizing shall conform class – IV of IS 4736 : 1986. Longest possible unbroken lengths of conductors shall be used to eliminate or at least minimize mid run jointing.

No work shall be undertaken on live installations, or on installations which could be energized unless one another person is present to immediately isolate the electric supply in case of any accident and to render first aid, if necessary.  

FIRE FIGHTING CODES & STANDARDS 

LIST OF APPLICABLE STANDARDS FOR FIRE ALARM SYSTEM 

Fire Protection measures 

Fire Protection System has been designed as per requirements of National Building Code 2005.  

Fire protection system consists of following pumps for the Complex. 

• Sprinkler pump

• Hydrant Pump Apart for the above, following are also proposed: 

a)  Wet riser and hydrant system with accessories. 

b) Underground fire tank 

c) Overhead fire tank 

c) Landing valve, Fire hose cabinets at each level, branch pipe , landing valve & fireman’s axe. 

d) Fire Extinguishers at every landing valve. 

e) Hand Held fire extinguishers 

f) Automatic Detection and Alarm System  

g) Portable Fire Extinguishers. 

HEALTH, SAFETY & OCCUPATION MEASURES 

1. Measures shall be taken to identify the Electrical Environment Impacts (hazards) arising during the land preparation for use, building construction operation, and the entire cycle activities of the project and proper mitigation measures shall be adopted. All the standards, codes or legal requirements required to be adopted during the installation of electrical equipments,   

2. All Fire and Explosion Hazards in the entire cycle activities of the project and all possible sources of fire hazards and fire mitigation measures shall be noted. All the standards, codes & legal requirements of line diagram for fire protection systems shall be fulfilled.   

3. Environment Management Plan shall be prepared with Emergency Procedures (Emergency Plan) to deal with localized fire and electrical hazards and hazards due to natural calamities at the entire cycle of the activities of the project.   

4. Provision of Health and Welfare Facilities has to be provided to the labour to be engaged in land preparation and building construction at the entire cycle activities of the project such as:

a. Provision of drinking water from an approved source.

b. Provision of latrines and urinals and accommodation as per the rules and their drainage and disposal treatment. Layout diagram of sewer system (drains, septic tanks, overhead water tanks and drainage gases ducting systems.

c. Provision of medical and first aid treatment.

d. Facilities for sitting, shelters, rest rooms and lunch rooms, crèches, canteen etc.

e. Provision of Daily working hours, day shifts, night shifts.  

5. Provision of mitigation measures regarding the Health and Safety has to be made to the workers employed or proposed to be employed in the entire cycle activities of the project (land preparation, construction & operation).

a. Noise, vibrations, generated by lifting appliances, gears, earthmovers and transport.

b. Fencing of moving parts of the transmission machinery.

c. Restriction of lifting and excessive weight material.

d. Framing of Health and Safety Policy, On Site Emergency Plan.

e. Dangerous and harmful environment impact in the confined places (Excavation and underground work).

f. Eyes and head protection.

g. Dust, gases, fumes, corrosive substances, toxic gases and chemicals.

h. Chemical safety date sheet of diesel solvent and paints.

i. Vehicular traffic.

j. Illumination of passages, ways, stairs, roads excavation and basement work.

k. Means of communications, signals, warning, signboards and barricades at the construction site, demolition site, excavation and basement work.   

6. Restrictions imposed and safe means adopted at height, demolition, excavation and basement work (Work on steep roof, installation of roofing brackets cads etc. crawling boards, ladders, and step ladders, scaffolds, catch platform hoarding, safety belts and nets). 

MITIGATION MEASURES TO CONTROL THE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT, RADIATION EFFECT, OZONE DEPLETION EFFECT AND RADIATION EFFECT 

Mitigation Measures to control the Green House Effect, Acid Rain Effects, Ozone depletion Effects & Radiation Effects are as follows:  

NOISE & VIBRATION REDUCTION PLAN      

INTRODUCTION

This plan has been developed to address construction noise and vibration control and mitigation measures to be implemented during site activities to manage noise and vibration issues associated with site workers, the surrounding community and infrastructure. The following plan contains details on the management procedures to be used to control noise and vibration levels during site works.  

NOISE

Earthmoving equipment has the potential to cause nuisance noise, especially if large numbers of machinery are used that are in poor operating condition (i.e. noisy mufflers). Therefore the earthmoving activities associated with the excavation of waste has the potential to create a social disturbance as a result of generating nuisance noise. Noise will be generated from vibrating machinery, movement of trucks, operation of front end loaders and vehicle reversing alarms. During Operational Phase, Noise generated from DG sets are the major source of Noise pollution.  

VIBRATION

Vibration can occur as a result of earthmoving machinery and vehicles, which if excessive can cause damage to nearby buildings and structures. During operational phase, the only major source of vibration is the working of DG sets. Due to the isolated nature of the site and absence of heritage structures, vibration is not considered to be an issue.  

IMPACTS

Excessive noise and vibration levels can result in a serious nuisance and loss of amenity for site and surrounding occupants including surrounding residents, site workers etc. 

Occupational health risks to site workforce including: 

1) Noise induced hearing loss, tinnitus, etc;

2) Communication problems including safety instructions; 

3) Stress. 

RISK

Moderate 

NOISE AND VIBRATION MANAGEMENT

Objective 

To avoid and/or minimize adverse noise/vibration impacts associated with the operation of any plan, machinery or other equipment on site at all times through implementation of construction methodology and appropriate management measures. 

To minimize the occurrence of noise complaints associated with site works  from nearby residents.  
Noise & Vibration Reduction Management Plan

1. Following mitigation measures will be adopted to minimize the noise levels generated due to construction activities:

2. Adhering to the hours of normal operation and no work will be done on public holidays.

3. Remedial works to ensure no damage has occurred.

4. All plant equipment and vehicles being fitted with appropriate noise suppression equipment to reduce noise levels as far as are practicable.

5. The Remediation Contractor will need to demonstrate and have procedures in place to ensure that all equipment is operating in good condition.

6. A list of all proposed machinery is to be provided with the expected noise levels at the operator position and an estimate provided as to the noise hazard.

7. All site workers to be trained in noise reduction (such as proper use of machinery and the use of hearing protection) and informed of locations requiring the use of such equipment.

8. All outside workers must wear appropriate hearing protection if in close proximity to machinery for extended periods. Workers exposed to elevated noise levels above occupational limits to have hearing tests.

9. Warning signs should be set up in active work areas, prohibiting entry to persons without hearing protection. 

10. Vehicles will not be left turned on or idling at the site for longer than minimum amount of time required completing site activities. In addition, machines/equipment used intermittently during construction activities (i.e. cranes, excavators, bobcats, lifting equipment, etc) will be shut down, as practicably achievable, in the period between works activities rather than allowed to idle.

11. During operational phase of the project, DG sets will be kept far away from residential units, in a different room with in-built acoustic enclosures in order to minimize the noise and vibration generated.

12. Low Sulphur Diesel will be used in DG sets which will increase the efficiency of the DG sets and also will lower down the maintenance cost resulting in increased life of the machinery.

As a part of the management program, Noise level will be monitored from time to time to ensure that noise generated as a result of construction activities does not disturb local residents and that occupational health and safety guidelines are complied with. 

RISK ASSESSMENT PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION

Risk is a potential that a chosen action or activity will lead to a loss of human or property. Risk assessment is a step for Risk Management.

Risk assessment is determination of qualitative and quantitative value of risk related a situation or hazard. Hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life health or environment. 1. HAZARD

IDENTIFICATION 

There may be following types of hazards:

1.1 Natural hazard:

Earthquake

Flooding

1.2 Manmade hazard:

Health Injuries

Fire & explosion

Electrical

Mechanical

Radiation

Thermal

Chemical 

1. EVACUATION PLAN

Standard operating procedures will be formulated and maintained for all eventualities due to attack by armed intruders.

Evacuation plan includes the evacuation due to

• fire hazard in the colony
• Armed Intrusion
• Flood
• Earthquake 

During any of the above mentioned hazards, the evacuation will be as follows: 

Energy Saving Practices

• Energy efficient lamps will be provided within the complex.
• Constant monitoring of energy consumption and defining targets for energy conservation.
• Adjusting the settings and illumination levels to ensure minimum energy used for desired comfort levels.

Behavioral Change on Consumption

• Promoting resident awareness on energy conservation
• Training staff on methods of energy conservation and to be vigilant to such opportunities. 

WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONAL PHASE  

The following measures will be adopted to reduce the water consumption during construction as well operation phase of the project.  

During Construction Phase

• Leakage proof plumbing system
• Use of Ready Mix Concrete.
• Use of Curing Agent instead of curing water or recycling of curing water for onsite wheel washing.   

During Operational Phase

• Leakage proof plumbing system.
• Installation of water meters to check leakage.
• Indigenous drought tolerant plant species in the landscape.
• Rain water harvesting by recharging the ground aquifer.
• Use of dual plumbing system, separate for toilet flushing and separate for potable use.  
• Use of highly efficient STP and reusing treated water for landscape, Flushing and DG/HVAC cooling to the extent possible.
• Giving surplus treated wastewater from STP to other construction site for their use.
• Use of garden hydrants and drip irrigation technology.
• Use of low fixture, urinal, WC, tap etc.
• Using sensor based taps  

CODES OF EARTHQUAKE  

Following Codes and Standards specify for earthquake resistance building:   

1. IS 1893:1984  Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures   

2. IS 1893(Part 1):2002 `Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures: Part 1 General provisions and Buildings  

3. IS 1893(Part 4):2005 `Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures: Part 4 Industrial Structures Including Stack Like Structures   

4. IS 4326:1993   Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings - Code of  Practice  

5. IS 13827:1993   Improving Earthquake Resistance of Earthen Buildings – Guidelines  

6. IS 13828:1993 Improving Earthquake Resistance of Low Strength Masonry Buildings – Guidelines  

7. IS 13920:1993   Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces – Code of Practice  

8. IS 13935:1993   Repair and Seismic Strengthening of Buildings – Guidelines   

9. IS  6922:1973  Criteria for Safety and Design of Structures Subject to Underground Blasts

10. IS 4991:1968   Criteria for Blast Resistant Design of Structures for Explosions Above Ground  

11. IS 4967:1968   Recommendations for Seismic Instrumentation for River Valley Projects  

These standards endeavour to provide a guideline in designing and repairing of buildings under seismic forces.  

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS 

Design team 

In the modern industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of designs into reality. A formal design team may be assembled to plan the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts. The design usually consists of drawings and specifications, usually prepared by a design team including surveyors, civil engineers, cost engineers (or quantity surveyors), mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, structural engineers, fire protection engineers, planning consultants, architectural consultants, and archaeological consultants. The design team is most commonly employed by (i.e. in contract with) the property owner. Under this system, once the design is completed by the design team, a number of construction companies or construction management companies may then be asked to make a bid for the work, either based directly on the design, or on the basis of drawings and a bill of quantities provided by a quantity surveyor. Following evaluation of bids, the owner will typically award a contract to the most cost efficient bidder.

The modern trend in design is toward integration of previously separated specialties, especially among large firms. In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies, even in the larger firms. Presently, a firm that is nominally an "architecture" or "construction management" firm may have experts from all related fields as employees, or to have an associated company that provides each necessary skill. Thus, each such firm may offer itself as "one-stop shopping" for a construction project, from beginning to end. This is designated as a "design Build" contract where the contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction, while adhering to the performance specifications.

Several project structures can assist the owner in this integration, including design-build, partnering and construction management. In general, each of these project structures allows the owner to integrate the services of architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors throughout design and construction. In response, many companies are growing beyond traditional offerings of design or construction services alone and are placing more emphasis on establishing relationships with other necessary participants through the design-build process.

The increasing complexity of construction projects creates the need for design professionals trained in all phases of the project's life-cycle and develop an appreciation of the building as an advanced technological system requiring close integration of many sub-systems and their individual components, including sustainability. Building engineering is an emerging discipline that attempts to meet this new challenge. Financial advisors

Construction projects can suffer from preventable financial problems. Underbids ask for too little money to complete the project. Cash flow problems exist when the present amount of funding cannot cover the current costs for labour and materials, and because they are a matter of having sufficient funds at a specific time, can arise even when the overall total is enough. Fraud is a problem in many fields, but is notoriously prevalent in the construction field.Financial planning for the project is intended to ensure that a solid plan with adequate safeguards and contingency plans are in place before the project is started and is required to ensure that the plan is properly executed over the life of the project. Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project. The presence of the mortgage banker is highly likely, even in relatively small projects since the owner's equity in the property is the most obvious source of funding for a building project. Accountants act to study the expected monetary flow over the life of the project and to monitor the payouts throughout the process. Cost engineers and estimators apply expertise to relate the work and materials involved to a proper valuation. Cost overruns with government projects have occurred when the contractor was able to identify change orders or changes in the project resulting in large increases in cost, which are not subject to competition by other firm as they have already been eliminated from consideration after the initial bid.

Large projects can involve highly complex financial plans and often start with a conceptual estimate performed by a building estimator. As portions of a project are completed, they may be sold, supplanting one lender or owner for another, while the logistical requirements of having the right trades and materials available for each stage of the building construction project carries forward. In many English-speaking countries, but not the United States, projects typically use quantity surveyors.

Legal aspects

A construction project must fit into the legal framework governing the property. These include governmental regulations on the use of property, and obligations that are created in the process of construction.

The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements. Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes will not benefit the owner. Some legal requirements come from considerations, or the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad – bridge collapses or explosions. Other legal requirements come from considerations, or things that are a matter of custom or expectation, such as isolating businesses to a business district and residences to a residential district. An attorney may seek changes or exemptions in the law governing the land where the building will be built, either by arguing that a rule is inapplicable (the bridge design will not collapse), or that the custom is no longer needed (acceptance of live-work spaces has grown in the community).

A construction project is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations, each of which must be carefully considered. A contract is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties, but it is not so simple a matter as trying to get the other side to agree to as much as possible in exchange for as little as possible. The time element in construction means that a delay costs money, and in cases of bottlenecks, the delay can be extremely expensive. Thus, the contracts must be designed to ensure that each side is capable of performing the obligations set out. Contracts that set out clear expectations and clear paths to accomplishing those expectations are far more likely to result in the project flowing smoothly, whereas poorly drafted contracts lead to confusion and collapse

Legal advisors in the beginning of a construction project seek to identify ambiguities and other potential sources of trouble in the contract structure, and to present options for preventing problems. Throughout the process of the project, they work to avoid and resolve conflicts that arise. In each case, the lawyer facilitates an exchange of obligations that matches the reality of the project.

Interaction of expertise

Design, finance, and legal aspects overlap and interrelate. The design must be not only structurally sound and appropriate for the use and location, but must also be financially possible to build, and legal to use. The  financial structure must accommodate the need for building the design provided, and must pay amounts that are legally owed. The legal structure must integrate the design into the surrounding legal framework, and enforce the financial consequences of the construction process. 

Procurement

Procurement describes the merging of activities undertaken by the client to obtain a building. There are many different methods of construction procurement; however the three most common types of procurement are:

1. Traditional (Design-bid-build)

2. Design and build

3. Management contracting

There is also a growing number of new forms of procurement that involve relationship contracting where the emphasis is on a co-operative relationship between the principal and contractor and other stakeholders within a construction project. New forms include partnering such as Public-Private Partnering (PPPs) aka private finance initiatives (PFIs) and alliances such as "pure" or "project" alliances and "impure" or "strategic" alliances. The focus on co-operation is to ameliorate the many problems that arise from the often highly competitive and adversarial practices within the construction industry.

Traditional

This is the most common method of construction procurement and is well established and recognized. In this arrangement, the architect or engineer acts as the project coordinator. His or her role is to design the works, prepare the specifications and produce construction drawings, administer the contract, tender the works, and manage the works from inception to completion. There are direct contractual links between the architect's client and the main contractor. Any subcontractor will have a direct contractual relationship with the main contractor.

Design and build

This approach has become more common in recent years and involves the client contracting a single entity to both provide a design and to build that design. In some cases, the Design and Build (D & B) package can also include finding the site, arranging funding and applying for all necessary statutory consents.

The owner produces a list of requirements for a project, giving an overall view of the project's goals. Several D&B contractors present different ideas about how to accomplish these goals. The owner selects the ideas he or she likes best and hires the appropriate contractor. Often, it is not just one contractor, but a consortium of several contractors working together. Once a contractor (or consortium/consortia) has been hired, they begin building the first phase of the project. As they build phase 1, they design phase 2. This is in contrast to a design-bid-build contract, where the project is completely designed by the owner, then bid on, then completed.

Management procurement systems

In this arrangement the client plays an active role in the procurement system by entering into separate contracts with the designer (architect or engineer), the construction manager, and individual trade contractors. The client takes on the contractual role, while the construction or project manager provides the active role of managing the separate trade contracts, and ensuring that they all work smoothly and effectively together. 

Management procurement systems are often used to speed up the procurement processes, allow the client greater flexibility in design variation throughout the contract, the ability to appoint individual work contractors, separate contractual responsibility on each individual throughout the contract, and to provide greater client control.

Authority having jurisdiction

In construction, the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) is the governmental agency or sub-agency which regulates the construction process. In most cases, this is the municipality in which the building is located. However, construction performed for supra-municipal authorities are usually regulated directly by the owning authority, which becomes the AHJ.

Before the foundation can be dug, contractors are typically required to verify and have existing utility lines marked, either by the utilities themselves or through a company specializing in such services. This lessens the likelihood of damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities, which could cause outages and potentially hazardous situations. During the construction of a building, the municipal building inspector inspects the building periodically to ensure that the construction adheres to the approved plans and the local building code. Once construction is complete and a final inspection has been passed, an occupancy permit may be issued.

An operating building must remain in compliance with the fire code. The fire code is enforced by the local fire department.

Changes made to a building that affect safety, including its use, expansion, structural integrity, and fire protection items, usually require approval of the AHJ for review concerning the building code.

List of Machinery & Main power required  Manpower –

The peak work force requirement for the project will be about 500 nos. workers which will be hired locally. Temporary shelters at the site will be provided during the construction period. One project manager would be engaged with a team of skilled professional to look after the project. 

Project Manager  

Site engineers  ---------> Supervisor (10 Nos)  

Contractors --------------> Labours (300 Nos during peak construction) 

List of Machinery used in Construction Phase

1. JCB

2. Tracks

3. Batching Plant

4. Concrete Bucket

5. Cement Silo

6. Builders Hoist

7. Wheel Barrow

Tower Crane List of Equipment used in assessment of Air Pollution/Vibration/Noise on site

1. Respirable  Dust Sampler

2. Noise Level Meter

3. Vibration Analyzer   

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