Chapter 9
RELEVANT INDIAN STANDARDS
Table 9.1. Surface Water Quality Standards (as per IS: 2296).
Class A – Drinking water without conventional treatment but after disinfection. Class B – Water for outdoor bathing. Class C – Drinking water with conventional treatment followed by disinfection. Class D – Water for fish culture and wild life propagation. Class E – Water for irrigation, industrial cooling and controlled waste disposal. (Unobj = Unobjectionable).
| Sl | Parameter and Unit | A | B | C | D | E |
| 1 | Taste | None | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 2 | Odour | Unobj | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 3 | Colour (True) (Hazen unit) | 10 | 300 | 300 | -- | -- |
| 4 | pH (max) (min : 6.5) | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 |
| 5 | Conductivity (25oC) uS/cm | -- | -- | -- | 1000 | 2250 |
| 6 | DO (mg/L) (minimum) | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | -- |
| 7 | BOD (3d, 27oC) (mg/L) | 2 | 3 | 3 | -- | -- |
| 8 | Total Coliforms (MPN/100 mL) | 50 | 500 | 5000 | -- | -- |
| 9 | TDS (mg/L) | 500 | -- | 1500 | -- | 2100 |
| 10 | Oil and Grease (mg/L) | -- | -- | 0.1 | 0.1 | -- |
| 11 | Mineral oil (mg/L) | 0.01 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 12 | Total Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) | 300 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 13 | Chlorides (mg/L as Cl) | 250 | -- | 600 | -- | 600 |
| 14 | Sulfates (mg/L as SO4) | 400 | -- | 400 | -- | 1000 |
| 15 | Nitrates (mg/L as NO3) | 20 | -- | 50 | -- | -- |
| 16 | Free CO2 (mg/L ) | -- | -- | -- | 6 | -- |
| 17 | Free NH3 (mg/L as N) | -- | -- | -- | 1.2 | -- |
| 18 | Fluorides (mg/L as F) | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | -- | -- |
| 19 | Calcium (mg/L) | 80.1 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 20 | Magnesium (mg/L) | 24.28 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 21 | Copper (mg/L) | 1.5 | -- | 1.5 | -- | -- |
| 22 | Iron (mg/L) | 0.3 | -- | 50 | -- | -- |
| 23 | Manganese (mg/L) | 0.5 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
|
24 |
Zinc (mg/L) |
15 |
-- |
15 |
-- |
-- |
|
25 |
Boron (mg/L as B) |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
2 |
|
26 |
Barium (mg/L) |
1 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
27 |
Silver (mg/L) |
0.05 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
28 |
Arsenic Total (mg/L) |
0.05 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
-- |
-- |
|
29 |
Mercury (mg/L) |
0.001 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
30 |
Lead (mg/L) |
0.1 |
-- |
0.1 |
-- |
-- |
|
31 |
Cadmium (mg/L) |
0.01 |
-- |
0.01 |
-- |
-- |
|
32 |
Chromium (VI) (mg/L) |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
-- |
-- |
|
33 |
Selenium (mg/L) |
0.01 |
-- |
0.05 |
-- |
-- |
|
34 |
Cyanide (mg/L as CN) |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
-- |
-- |
|
35 |
Phenols (mg/L) |
0.002 |
0.005 |
0.005 |
-- |
-- |
|
36 |
Anionic detergents (mg/L as MBAS) |
0.2 |
1 |
1 |
-- |
-- |
|
37 |
PAH (mg/L) |
0.2 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
38 |
Pesticides (ug/L) |
0 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
39 |
Insecticides (ug/L) |
-- |
-- |
0 |
-- |
-- |
|
40 |
Alpha emitters (10-6uC/mL) |
0.001 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
|
41 |
Beta emitters (10-6uC/mL) |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
|
42 |
Percent Sodium (%) |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
60 |
|
43 |
Sodium Absorption Ratio |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
26 |
Table 9.2. Drinking Water Quality Standards (IS: 10500)
[* represents essential characteristics of drinking water)
| SI | Parameters and Units | Standards |
| 1 | Color (True) (Hazen Units) | 5 * |
| 2 | Taste | Agreeable * |
| 3 | Odour | Unobjectionable * |
| 4 | Turbidity (NTU) | 5 * |
| 5 | PH | 6.5- 8.5 * |
| 6 | Total Coliforms (MPN/100 mL) | 0 |
| 7 | TDS (mg/L) | 500 |
| 8 | Mineral Oil (mg/L) | 0.01 |
| 9 | Total Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3 ) | 300 |
| 10 | Alkalinity ( mg/L as CaCO3) | 200 |
| 11 | Chlorides | 250 |
| 12 | Sulfates (mg/L as SO4) | 200 |
| 13 | Nitrates (mg/L as NO3) | 45 |
| 14 | Free Residual Chlorine (mg/L) | 0.2 |
| 15 | Fluorides | 1 |
| 16 | Calcium | 75 |
| 17 | Copper (mg/L as Cu) | 0.05 * |
| 18 | Iron (mg/L as Fe) | 0.3 * |
| 19 | Manganese (mg/L as Mn) | 0.1 |
| 20 | Zinc (mg/L as Zn) | 5 |
| 21 | Boron (mg/L as B) | 1 |
| 22 | Aluminum (mg/L as Al) | 0.03 |
| 23 | Arsenic ( Total ) (mg/L as As) | 0.05 |
| 24 | Mercury (mg/L as Hg) | 0.001 |
| 25 | Lead (mg/Las Pb) | 0.05 |
| 26 | Cadmium (mg/l as Cd) | 0.01 |
| 27 | Chromium (mg/L as Cr) | 0.05 |
| 28 | Selenium (mg/L as Se) | 0.01 |
| 29 | Cyanide | 0.05 |
| 30 | Phenolic Compounds (mg/L as C6H5OH) | 0.001 |
| 31 | Anionic Detergents (mg/L as MBAS) | 0.2 |
| 32 | PAH (mg/L) | 0 |
| 33 | Pesticides | 0 |
| 34 | Alpha Emitters (10^ - 6uc/mL) | 0.0001 |
| 35 | Beta Emitters (106-6uc/mL) | 0.001 |
| 36 | Pathogenic Organisms or Virus | 0 |
Table 9.3. General Standards for Discharge of Effluents.
[N1 = shall not exceed 5oC above the receiving water temperature, N2 = all efforts should be made to remove colour and unpleasant odour as far as practicable, N3 = 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent, N4 = applicable to DDT, endosulfan, carbaryl, malathion, phenothoate, methyl parathion, phenitrothion, phorate, pyrethrum and BHC, N5 = floatable solids 3 mm and settleable solids 850 micron]
| Sl | Parameter and Unit | Into surfacewater | Into public sewers | Into irrigation water | Into coastal water |
| 1 | Temperature | N1 | -- | -- | N1 |
| 2 | Odour | N2 | -- | N2 | N2 |
| 3 | Colour (True) (Hazen units | N2 | -- | N2 | N2 |
| 4 | pH (max) (min : 6.5) | 5.5-9.0 | 5.5-9.0 | 5.5-9.0 | 5.5-9.0 |
| 5 | BOD (3d, 27oC) (mg/L) | 30 | 350 | 100 | 100 |
| 6 | COD (mg/L) | 250 | -- | -- | 250 |
| 7 | TSS (mg/L) | 100 | 600 | 200 | *100 |
| 8 | TDS (mg/L) | 2100 | -- | 2100 | -- |
| 9 | Oil and Grease (mg/L) | 10 | 20 | 10 | 20 |
| 10 | Chlorides (mg/L as Cl) | 1000 | 1000 | 600 | -- |
| 11 | Sulfates (mg/L as SO4) | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | -- |
| 12 | Nitrates (mg/L as NO3) | 10 | -- | -- | 20 |
| 13 | Total Residual Chlorine (mg/L) | 1 | -- | -- | 1 |
| 14 | Free NH3 (mg/L as N) | 5 | -- | -- | 5 |
| 15 | Ammoniacal Nitrogen (mg/L N) | 50 | 50 | -- | 50 |
| 16 | TKN (mg/L as N) | 100 | -- | -- | 100 |
| 17 | Fluorides (mg/L as F) | 2 | 15 | -- | 15 |
| 18 | Sulfide (mg/L as S) | 2 | -- | -- | 5 |
| 19 | Dissolved Phosphates (mg/L P) | 5 | -- | -- | -- |
| 20 | Copper (mg/L) | 3 | 3 | -- | 3 |
| 21 | Iron (mg/L) | 3 | 3 | -- | 3 |
| 22 | Manganese (mg/L) | 2 | 2 | -- | 2 |
| 23 | Zinc (mg/L) | 5 | 15 | -- | 15 |
| 24 | Nickel (mg/L) | 3 | 3 | -- | 5 |
| 25 | Boron (mg/L as B) | 2 | 2 | 2 | -- |
| 26 | Arsenic Total (mg/L) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| 27 | Mercury (mg/L) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
| 28 | Lead (mg/L) | 1 | -- | 1 | |
| 29 | Cadmium (mg/L) | 2 | 1 | -- | 2 |
| 30 | Chromium (VI) (mg/L) | 2 | -- | 1 | |
| 31 | Chromium Total (mg/L) | 2 | 2 | -- | 2 |
| 32 | Selenium (mg/L) | 0.05 | -- | 0.05 | |
| 33 | Vanadium (mg/L) | 0.2 | -- | 0.2 | |
| 34 | Cyanide (mg/L as CN) | 2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| 35 | Phenols (mg/L) | 1 | 5 | -- | 5 |
| 36 | Pesticides (ug/L) (N4) | 10 | 10 | -- | 10 |
| 37 | Alpha emitters (10- 6uC/mL) | 10-Jul | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| 38 | Beta emitters (10-6uC/mL) | 10-Jun | 10-Jul | 10-Jun | |
| 39 | Percent Sodium (%) | 60 | 60 | -- | |
| 40 | Residual Sodium Carbonate(mg/L) | -- | 5 | -- | |
| 41 | Bio-assay (% 96 hour survival) | N3 | N3 | N3 | |
| 42 | SS particle size (pass IS sieve) | -- | -- | N5 |
Table 9.4. General Standards for Discharge of Effluents (Pesticides)
| Sl | Pesticide | Into surface water (ug/L) | Into public sewers (ug/L) | Into Irrigation water(ug/L) | Into coastal water (ug/L) |
| 1 | Benzene hexachloride | 10 | -- | 10 | 10 |
| 2 | Carbaryl | 10 | -- | 10 | 10 |
| 3 | DDT | 10 | -- | 10 | 10 |
| 4 | Endosulfun | 10 | -- | 10 | 10 |
| 5 | Diamethoate | 450 | -- | 450 | 450 |
| 6 | Penitrothion | 10 | -- | 10 | 10 |
| 7 | Malathion | 10 | -- | 10 | 10 |
| 8 | Phorate | 10 | -- | 10 | 10 |
| 9 | Methyl parathion | 10 | -- | 10 | 10 |
| 10 | Phenthoate | 10 | -- | 10 | 10 |
| 11 | Pyrethrums | 10 | -- | 10 | 10 |
| 12 | Copper oxychloride | 9600 | -- | 9600 | 9600 |
| 13 | Copper sulphate | 50 | -- | 50 | 50 |
| 14 | Zirum | 1000 | -- | 1000 | 1000 |
| 15 | Sulphur | 30 | -- | 30 | 30 |
| 16 | Paraquat | 2300 | -- | 2300 | 2300 |
| 17 | Proponil | 7300 | -- | 7300 | 7300 |
| 18 | Nitrogen | 790 | -- | 790 | 790 |
Table 9.5. National Ambient Air Quality Standards
[As Notified on 11th April, 1994 by the Central Pollution Control Board in exercise of its power conferred under section 16 (2) (h) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981)]
| Pollutant | Time-weighted average | Concentration (ug/m3) in ambient air | ||
| Industrial area | Residential, Rural and other areas | Sensitive area | ||
| Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) |
Annual * | 80 | 60 | 15 |
| 24 hours # | 120 | 80 | 30 | |
| Nitrogen Oxides (as NO2) |
Annual* | 80 | 60 | 15 |
| 24 hours # | 120 | 80 | 30 | |
| Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) |
Annual * | 360 | 140 | 70 |
| 24 hours # | 500 | 200 | 100 | |
| Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) |
Annual * | 120 | 60 | 50 |
| 24 hours # | 150 | 100 | 75 | |
| Lead (Pb) Annual |
Annual * | 1 | 0.75 | 0.5 |
| 24 hours # | 1.5 | 1 | 0.75 | |
| Carbon Monoxide (CO) |
8 hours * | 5 | 2 | 1 |
| 1 hour | 10 | 4 | 2 | |
Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24-hourly at uniform interval.# 24- hourly/ 8- hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.
Table 9.6. Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise
(As adopted in India by Ministry of Environment and Forests)
| Area code | Category of Areas | Noise limits in dB(A) as Leq | |
| Day Time | Night Time | ||
| (A) | Industrial | 75 | 70 |
| (B) | Commercial | 65 | 55 |
| (C) | Residential | 55 | 45 |
| (D) | Silence zone | 50 | 40 |
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